Web Accessibility Essentials

Web accessibility isn't optional—it's essential. Accessible websites serve more users, perform better in search, and demonstrate social responsibility. Here's how to build inclusively.

Understanding WCAG

WCAG guidelines are organized around four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust.

Semantic HTML

Using semantic HTML is the most important step for accessibility. Semantic elements communicate meaning to assistive technologies.

<!-- Semantic HTML structure -->
<header>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>

<main>
  <article>
    <h1>Article Title</h1>
    <p>Content...</p>
  </article>
</main>

Keyboard Navigation

All interactive elements must be keyboard accessible with clear focus states.

Color and Contrast

Text requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 (AA) or 7:1 (AAA) against backgrounds. Color alone shouldn't convey information.

Alternative Text

Every informative image needs descriptive alt text. Decorative images should have empty alt attributes.

Testing

Combine automated tools with manual testing and screen reader testing. Automated tools catch only about 30% of issues.

Accessibility is an ongoing commitment to inclusive design. Start with basics, keep learning, and remember that accessible design benefits all users.